PHI 210 Exam 1 Questions and Solutions

Question 1

4 out of 4 points

Which of the following practices would MOST likely be considered pseudoscience?

Question 2

4 out of 4 points

A set of statements designed to convince others that an action or idea is right or wrong is a type of _________.

Question 3

4 out of 4 points

Cliff wants to determine whether people prefer red apples or green apples. In order to obtain good results, he decides to conduct this survey at a car festival. Out of the 5000 people who attended the festival, Cliff surveys 10 attendees randomly. The survey reads, “Which do you prefer, red apples or green apples?” Seven of ten people surveyed answer that they prefer red apples. From his survey, Cliff concludes that most people prefer red apples. Cliff’s results may not be reliable because of which of the following problems with his study?

Question 4

4 out of 4 points

Courtnie has been allergic to cats as long as she can remember; this requires her doctor to give her an allergy shot. On her 26th birthday she spends the day in a house with cats and has no reaction. Therefore the allergy shot has helped Courtnie overcome her reaction to cats. The explanation for why she had no reaction describes which of the following?

Question 5

4 out of 4 points

A student is designing an experiment to find out if the following statement is true: “If you get at least six hours of sleep, you will do better in class than if you get fewer than six hours of sleep.” The statement is an example of which of the following?

Question 6

4 out of 4 points

Patricia found a huge nest of black widow spiders in her basement. She asked her husband what the best way to get rid of so many dangerous spiders would be. Her husband said to set them on fire. Patricia responded, “Without burning down our home, what’s the best way to get rid of them?” What did Patricia do?

Question 7

4 out of 4 points

Bryan is the manager of his company’s IT department. One morning a server cluster loses power. Bryan first checks the power supply, the power cables, the wall outlet, and finally the circuit breaker to find what caused the power outage. What did Bryan do?

Question 8

4 out of 4 points

Putting in the effort to adequately define the problem is which of the following?

Question 9

4 out of 4 points

A good practice when making a decision involves which of the following?

Question 10

4 out of 4 points

Elsa was offered a new job and wants to discuss it with her husband. Which step of the decision-making process are Elsa and her husband involved in when they consider how much the new job will pay, where it is located, and what Elsa’s new work hours will be?

Question 11

4 out of 4 points

Why might advertisers find it appealing to promise that they have a “better” product than the competition?

Question 12

4 out of 4 points

Which statement best describes the relationship between intent and form?

Selected Answer:

Intent is the meaning behind the sentence and form is the literal grammatical structure of language.

Question 13

4 out of 4 points

Which list includes terms that are most often used as qualifiers or “weasel words”?

Question 14

4 out of 4 points

Which statement BEST represents the syntactic meaning of love as physical affection?

Question 15

0 out of 4 points

Margo told her friend Lisa about a recent study that she had read. Which statement is an indicator to Lisa of Margo’s use of a proof surrogate in her argument?

Question 16

4 out of 4 points

Consider the following ethical argument. Which of the three statements represents the moral statement about a moral principle? Statement 1: A dealership advertised a car at a very low price, but only had a similar higher priced model in stock. Statement 2: It is wrong to perform a bait and switch. Statement 3: The dealership was wrong to advertise the car on special sale when in actually it was not available.

Question 17

4 out of 4 points

Consider the following argument: Premise 1: Michael took an apple from the farm stand. Premise 2: Stealing is wrong. Conclusion: Therefore, Michael was wrong for stealing the apple. The statement, “stealing is wrong” is an example of which of the following?

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PHI 210 Exam 1 Questions and Solutions

Question 18

4 out of 4 points

Consider the following argument: Premise 1: Steven played a video game with heavy gun use. Premise 2: Simulating shooting guns at people is wrong. Conclusion: Therefore, Steven should not be playing the video game. The statement, “Steven should not be playing the video game,” is an example of which of the following?

Question 19

4 out of 4 points

What is an argument claiming the violation of some moral principle is the right course of action?

Question 20

4 out of 4 points

How do excuses and justifications differ?

Question 21

4 out of 4 points

Since the start of the Industrial Revolution more than 250 years ago, there has been a marked increase in average global temperature. Tom thinks that since this past year was cooler than normal, scientific claims that Earth’s climate is changing must not be true. Tom’s thinking is flawed because of which of the following?

Question 22

4 out of 4 points

When listening to people debating a topic, a critical thinker should ignore _________.

Question 23

4 out of 4 points

Annie argues that reducing carbon emissions in the United States will take a toll on the economy far exceeding any potential environmental benefits. Leo responds by arguing that several Scandinavian countries produce less carbon than the United States. What fallacy is Leo committing?

Question 24

4 out of 4 points

If someone who did not accept scientific claims that climate is changing read “nothing about the science of climate change can be called into question at this point, because there is a consensus among 97 percent of scientists,” that person could, based on this quote, make the argument that there is a _________ fallacy in the climate change argument.

Question 25

4 out of 4 points

The two parts of an argument are _________ and _________.