NR503 Week 2 Discussion Latest: Part 1-3
NR503 Week 2 Discussion Latest: Part 1-3
Week 2 Discussion 1 – Discussion Part One (graded)
Shelby is a 32-year-old mother of two, who has smoked 1 pack-per-day for the last 15 years, and who comes to see you today for her yearly well-woman exam in your family practice clinic. She has a family history, in a single paternal grandmother of breast cancer at age 52. She also has a history of an abnormal cervical cancer screening three years ago requiring colposcopy. Given her history please consider the following: Choose one screening test that might be considered either now or in the next few years of Shelby’s care. Define the test, its positive predictive value, reliability and validity.
Week 2 Discussion 2 – Discussion Part Two (graded)
Upon the course of your history you find out that Shelby has a great aunt on her mother’s side who died of ‘some woman cancer in her stomach’ and an uncle on her father’s side who died of pancreatic cancer. Her mother and older sisters are all in good health. Does this information change your recommendations for screening? Why or why not?
Week 2 Discussion 3 – Discussion Part Three (graded)
Please provide a summary of the case or information you have discussed this week. NR503 Week 2 Discussion Latest: Part 1-3
NR503 Week 3 Discussion Latest: Part 1-3
Week 3 Discussion 1 – Discussion Part One (graded)
Risk and Cohort Study Design As an Advanced Practice Nurse, you will care for patients who are at risk for specific diseases. Please pick one chronic or infectious disease specific to a population in your geographic area and provide evidence of risk, relative risk, and odds ratio in relation to that disease, and specific risks in the population you identified.
Week 3 Discussion 2 – Discussion Part Two (graded)
Now that you have identified the disease and risk, what is one evidence-based action that you could take within your local community or patient population to prevent this risk?
Week 3 Discussion 3 – Discussion Part Three (graded)
Please provide a summary of the case or information you have discussed this week.
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NR503 Week 3 Assignment: Relative Risk Calculation Worksheet
Purpose
The purpose of this assignment is to help you to begin to understand and apply the important counts, ratios, and statistics presented in healthcare and epidemiological research. Remember to use the list of formulas presented prior to the problems and to carefully consider the purpose of each calculation and how it is interpreted.
Course Outcomes
Through this assignment, the student will demonstrate the ability to:
(CO #3) Identify appropriate outcome measures and study designs applicable to epidemiological subfields such as infectious disease, chronic disease, environmental exposures, reproductive health, and genetics.
(CO #4) Apply commonly used measures of health risk.
(CO #6) Identify important sources of epidemiological data.
Due Date: Sunday 11:59 p.m. (MT) at the end of Week 3
Total Points Possible: 50
Requirements:
1. Complete the Risk Calculation Worksheet located in Course Resources.
2. For each question identify the correct answer.
3. Submit the worksheet to the DropBox by 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday of Week 3
Epidemiological Formulas and Statistics
Incidence (exposed)
Definition
Incidence of new cases of disease in persons who were exposed
Formula
number (exposed with disease)/Total number of exposed
Incidence (unexposed)
Definition
Incidence of new cases of disease in persons who were not exposed
Formula
number (unexposed with disease)/Total number of unexposed
Incidence of Disease
Definition
Measure of risk. Total number in a population with a disease divided by the total number of the population.
Formula
Number with the disease/ Total population number
Relative Risk
Definition
Risk of disease in one group versus another. Risk of developing a disease after exposure. If this number is one, it means there is no risk. R (exposed)/Risk (unexposed)
Formula
(# exposed with disease (divided by)/total of all exposed)
(# of non-exposed with disease/(divided by)total of all non-exposed)
Odds Ratio
Definition
A measure of exposure and disease outcome commonly used in case control studies.
Formula
R (exposed)/ R (unexposed)
1- R (exposed) 1-R (unexposed)
Prevalence
Definition
The number of cases of a disease in a given time regardless of when it began. (new and old cases)
Formula
(Persons with the disease/ Total population) X 1000
Attributable Risk
Definition
The difference in disease in those exposed and unexposed and is calculated from prospective data. Directly attributed to exposure (if exposure gone, disease would be gone)
Formula
R(exposed) – R(unexposed)
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Crude Birth Rate
Definition
The number of live births per 1,000 people in the population
Formula
(# of births/estimated mid-year population) X 1000
Crude Death Rate
Definition
The number of deaths per 1,000 people in the population
Formula
(# of deaths/estimated mid-year population) X 1000
Fetal Death Rate
Definition
The number of fetal deaths (20 weeks or more gestation) per 1,000 live births.
Formula
(# of fetal deaths/ # of live births + fetal deaths) X 1000
Annual Mortality Rate
Definition
Usually an expression of a specific disease or can be all causes per 1,000 people for a year.
Formula
(# of deaths of all causes (or a specific disease)/Mid-year population) X 1000
Case Fatality Rate
Definition
The parentage of individuals who have a specific disease and die within a specific time after diagnosis.
Formula
(# of persons dying from a disease after diagnosis or set period/ # of persons with the disease) X 100
Relative Risk Calculation Worksheet
Prior to completing this worksheet, review the lessons, reading and course text up to this point. Also review the tables of calculations. Each question is worth five (5) points. There is only one right answer for each of the ten problems.
1. The population in the city of Springfield, Missouri in March, 2014 was 200,000.
The number of new cases of HIV was 28 between January 1 and June 30th 2014.
The number of current HIV cases was 130 between January 1 and June 30th 2014.
The incidence rate of HIV cases for this 6 month period was:
A. 7 per 100,000 population
B. 14 per 100,000 population
C. 28 per 100,000 population
D. 85 per 100,000 population
2. The prevalence rate of HIV cases in Springfield, Missouri as of June 30, 2014 was:
A. 14 per 100,000 population
B. 28 per 100,000 population
C. 79 per 100,000 population
D. 130 per 100,000 population
3. In a North African country with a population of 5 million people, 50,000 deaths occurred during 2014. These deaths included 5,000 people from malaria out of 10,000 persons who had Malaria.
What was the total Annual Mortality Rate for 2014 for this country? (Please show your work)
4. What was the cause-specific mortality rate from malaria? (Please show your work)
5. What was the case-fatality percent from malaria?
6. Fill in and total the 4 X 4 table for the following disease parameters:
Total number of people with lung cancer in a given population = 120
Total number of people with lung cancer who smoked = 90
Total number of people with lung cancer who did not smoke = 30
Total number of people who smoked = 150
Total number of people in the population = 350
Fill in the missing parameters based on the above.
| YES LUNG CANCER | NO LUNG CANCER | TOTALS | |
| YES SMOKING | |||
| NO SMOKING | |||
| TOTALS |
7. From Question 6, what is the total number of people with no lung cancer?
8. From question 6, what is the total number of people who smoked, but did not have lung cancer?
9. Set up the problem for relative risk based on the table in #6.
10. Calculate the relative risk.