PHIL 447 Week 1 Discussion 1 & 2 Latest
PHIL 447 Week 1 Discussion 1 & 2 Latest
PHIL 447 Week 1 Discussion 1 – Making Claims (graded)
Explain how you would teach the difference between subjective claims and objective claims (Moore & Parker, p. 4-5) to someone who had never heard of critical thinking. Give specific details in your answer.
PHIL 447 Week 1 Discussion 2 – Cognitive Biases (graded)
Review the section of Chapter 1 on Cognitive Biases. Find an example of one of the biases, identify the bias, and explain the distortion it causes. You may choose your example from personal experience, something you have read, heard on the radio, or seen on TV or the Internet. Be sure to cite your source if needed.
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PHIL 447 Week 2 Discussion 1 & 2 Latest
PHIL 447 Week 2 Discussion 1 –Premises and Conclusions (graded)
Let’s spend some time sorting out the premises and conclusions in some examples.
Choose one of the statements below. Your task is to identify the premise(s) and conclusion(s) of your example and to negotiate among yourselves if you disagree. Additionally, discuss whether the argument is inductive or deductive. If the argument is inductive, discuss the strength or weakness of the argument. If it is deductive, then discuss if it is valid. Keep mind that only a deductive argument can be valid. This exercise works best if students do not all choose the first example. If one example has been well discussed, choose a different example to discuss.
Here are the examples:
1. Chances are I’ll be carded at JJ’s, because Kera, Sherry, and Bobby were all carded there, and they all look as though they’re about 30.
2. Seventy percent of all freshmen at State College come from wealthy families; therefore, probably about the same percentage of all students at State College come from wealthy families.
3. I am sure Marietta comes from a wealthy family. She told me her parents benefited from the cut in the capital gains tax.
4. According to Nature magazine, today’s thoroughbred racehorses do not run any faster than their grandparents did. But human Olympic runners are at least 20% faster than their counterparts of 50 years ago. Most likely, racehorses have reached their physical limits but humans have not.
5. “Let me demonstrate the principle by means of logic,” the teacher said, holding up a bucket. “If this bucket has a hole in it, then it will leak. But it doesn’t leak. Therefore, obviously, it doesn’t have a hole in it.”
6. We shouldn’t take a chance on this new candidate. She’s from Alamo Polytech, and the last person we hired from there was rotten.
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PHIL 447 Week 2 Discussion 2 – Defining Terms and How We Do It (graded)
In this week’s lecture, we read about Socrates’ concern for defining undefined terms as the first step in critical thinking.
Choose one of the statements below. Your task is to determine how the term is used to define your chosen example, and whether the definition is by example, by synonym, by an analytical definition. If you experience difficulty in determining which method of definition is being used, describe the difficulty and try to negotiate agreement with other class members. This exercise works best if students do not all choose the first example. If one example has been well discussed, choose a different example to discuss.
And here are the examples:
1. Decaffeinated means without caffeine.
2. Steve Martin is my idea of a successful philosophy major.
3. The Cheyenne perfectly illustrate the sort of Native Americans who were Plains Indians.
4. Data, in our case, are bits of raw information collected from survey forms, which are then put in tabular form and analyzed.
5. Bifocals are glasses with two different prescriptions ground into each lens, making it possible to focus at two different distances from the wearer.
6. Red is the color we perceive when our eyes are struck by light waves of approximately seven angstroms.
The kinds of definitions you are looking for can be found at the bottom of page 78, top of page 79. You might also want to keep in mind some of the tips that are offered on definitions.
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