PHIL 447 Week 6 Quiz Latest

Question 1. Question : (TCOs 1 and 5) In Chapter 11, we learned about three forms of inductive reasoning. Consider the following example. “I spent last night at that hotel and was never once bitten by a bedbug. There are no bedbugs in that hotel.” In this inductive argument, based on the speaker’s experience, which form of reasoning is being used?

Analogical argument
Causal argument
Generalization from a sample
Statistical hypotheses

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Question 2. Question : (TCOs 1 and 5) In Chapter 11, we learned about three forms of inductive reasoning. Consider the following example.

“Japan has tight immigration laws and their economy is good. The same kinds of laws could work in the U.S.”

In this inductive argument, which form of reasoning is being used?

Generalizing from a sample
Analogical argument
Statistical hypotheses
Using a statistical syllogism

Question 3. Question : (TCOs 6 and 7) In Chapter 7, we learned how to identify inductive fallacies, which are arguments that offer only weak support for their conclusions because their evidence is either weak or biased. Consider the following example.

“Hardworking Americans need change now!”

The inductive fallacy being used is:

slanted question.
self-selection fallacy.
weak analogy.
vague generality.

Question 4. Question : (TCO 2) In Chapter 7, we learned how to identify fallacies related to cause and effect. These fallacies suggest a causal connection between two events, where no evidence for the causation is presented. Consider the following example.

“Studies show that when violence in the media is more frequent, violence in society is more frequent.”

The causal fallacy used is:

cum hoc, ergo propter hoc.
common cause.
reverse causation.
proof by absence of disproof.

Question 5. Question : (TCO 5) In Chapter 11, we learned three principles for forming causal hypotheses. It is important to remember that these principles only suggest, but do not establish a causal connection. Consider the following example.

“There used to be no obesity problem in America. Studies in the past few years show that children nowadays are consuming significantly more calories than did children of prior decades. What children eat is a highly probable cause of increased obesity.”

In this causal hypothesis, the principle used is:

underlying cause.
common variable.
coincidence.
reverse causation.