Assignment: DNA Sequence Replication, 5’-GGTGACACAATGTTC-3’

1. If a strand of DNA of sequence 5’-GGTGACACAATGTTC-3’ is replicated, which of the following accurately represents the newly synthesized DNA strand?

Question 1 options:

	3’-CCACTGTGTTACAAG-5’
	5 -’CCACTGTGTTACAAG – 3′
	5’-TTATCGCGCCATAAG-3’
	3’-TTATCGCGCCATAAG-5’

2. Which of the following accurately shows DNA base pairing and hydrogen bond number?

Question 2 options:

	Adenine—Thymine, 2 hydrogen bonds
	Adenine—Thymine, 3 hydrogen bonds
	Cytosine – Guanine, 2 hydrogen bonds
	Cytosine – Guanine, 4 hydrogen bonds

3. What proteins are crucial for creating and maintaining DNA replication forks? Choose the best explanation.

Question 3 options:

	Helicase creates the replication fork; primase keeps the single strands from closing shut.
	Helicase creates the replication fork; single-strand binding proteins keep the single strands from reuniting.
	Ligase creates the replication fork; DNA polymerase II keeps the single strands from reuniting.
	Helicase creates the replication fork; ligase keeps the single strands from closing shut.

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4. What molecule connects the sugars in a strand of DNA?

Question 4 options:

	ribose
	phosphate
	deoxyribose
	hydrogen

5. Transcription is the transfer of genetic information from _______.

Question 5 options:

	DNA to RNA
	tRNA to mRNA
	DNA to mRNA
	mRNA to tRNA

6. Which enzyme is required during transcription?

Question 6 options:

	restriction enzymes
	DNA polymerase
	RNA polymerase
	RNAase

7. What does the process of post-translational control refers to?

Question 7 options:

	regulation of gene expression after transcription
	regulation of gene expression after translation
	control of epigenetic activation
	period between transcription and translation

8. In the process of translation, the amino acids are arranged to form specific proteins because they are attached to:

Question 8 options:

Use the genetic code to determine which amino acids the following mRNA sequence code for: GGG GAC GUA

Question 9 options:

	Gly, Asp, Val
	Arg, His, Pro
	Pro, His, Arg
	Val, Asp, Gly

10. If a DNA strand with the sequence TAG CAT GAT CCC TAT is transcribed, which of the following accurately represents the newly synthesized mRNA strand?

Question 10 options:

	TAG CAT GAT CCC TAT
	AUG CUA GUA CCC AUA
	AUC GUA CUA GGG AUA
	ATC GTA CTA GGG ATA

11. An individual has a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This results in sickle cell disease. Choose the correct explanation for how this mutation affects the individual’s traits.

Question 11 options:

	The error in the mRNA sequence results in an error in the DNA molecule during transcription, the error in the DNA molecule results in an incorrect nucleic acid in the hemoglobin protein which makes it non-functional. The resulting trait is sickle cell disease.
	The error in the mRNA sequence results in an error in the DNA molecule during transcription, the error in the DNA molecule results in an incorrect amino acid in the hemoglobin protein which makes it non-functional. The resulting trait is sickle cell disease.
	The error in the DNA sequence results in an error in the mRNA molecule during transcription, the error in the mRNA molecule results in an incorrect nucleic acid in the hemoglobin protein which makes it non-functional. The resulting trait is sickle cell disease.
	The error in the DNA sequence results in an error in the mRNA molecule during transcription, the error in the mRNA molecule results in an incorrect amino acid in the hemoglobin protein which makes it non-functional. The resulting trait is sickle cell disease

12. What is the name given to the portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequence that are removed during RNA processing?

Question 12 options:

	exons
	caps
	poly – A tails
	introns

13. Control of gene expression in prokaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)?

Question 13 options:

	primarily at the transcriptional level
	epigenetic and transcriptional levels
	only at the post-translational levels
	epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational

14. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding DNA packaging in a eukaryotic cell?

Question 14 options:

	DNA is wrapped around proteins known as histones to form structures called nucleosomes
	DNA is wrapped tightly around a histone core
	DNA is twisted in what is known as supercoiling without histones
	Nucleosomes containing DNA are linked to each other by a short strand of DNA that is free of histones.

15. What is the role of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the production of transgenic plants?

Question 15 options:

	Genes from Agrobacterium tumefaciens are inserted into plant DNA to give the plant different desired traits.
	Transgenic plants have been given resistance to the pest Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
	Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used as a vector to move genes into plant cells.
	Plant genes are incorporated into the genome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Assignment: DNA Sequence Replication

16. Which of the options listed below can serve to carry a gene from one organism into a bacteria cell?

Question 16 options:

	A plasmid
	An electrophoresis gel
	A restriction enzyme
	Polymerase chain reaction

17. What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

Question 17 options:

	A plant with certain genes added that mimic naturally occurring genes for that plant
	An organism with an artificially altered genome
	An organism made of proteins from two different organisms
	An animal produced by artificial selection

18. In the reproductive cloning of an animal, what cell type is used as the source of the genome of the cloned animal?

Question 18 options:

	A sperm cell
	An egg cell
	Any gamete cell
	A somatic (non-gamete)) cell

19. Which of the following statements about genetically modified organisms (GMOS) are correct? Select all that apply.

Question 19 options:

	Transgenic bacteria are used to produce human growth hormone.
	Transgenic goats have been engineered with a human gene that produces blood anticoagulant protein.
	Transgenic bacteria are used to produce protein for human consumption.
	Transgenic mice are frequently used to study the effects of gene mutations.

20. For what purpose is mitochondrial genomics used?

Question 20 options:

	Study the genomes of multiple species in the same environmental niche
	Forensic analysis
	Study evolutionary relationships
	Evaluate the effectiveness of drugs based on individual’s genomic sequence, Assignment: DNA Sequence Replication