BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers

Question

The Heart (graded)

The human heart is a four-chambered hydraulic pump. A hydraulic pump uses differences in pressure to move material from areas of higher pressures to areas of lower pressures. The pressure differences created by the heart move blood between the chambers and the circulatory systems. Let’s begin our discussion by identifying the chambers of the heart and their functions, the associated valves, and the names and general route of their associated great vessels.

The Contraction Cycle (graded)

The contraction cycle of the heart is the series of events that occurs during one heartbeat. Each beat of the heart includes the contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the atria and then the ventricles. Let’s begin the examination of this cycle by discussing electrical conduction through the heart.

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BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers week 2

Blood Vessel Structure (graded)

Let’s start by discussing the structure of our blood vessels. Let’s each take a characteristic of (1) arteries, (2) veins, or (3) capillaries. Build upon what your classmates say to enable us to have a more full understanding of these vessels that are essential for our existence.

Blood Flow Dynamics (graded)

Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from the left or right ventricle in any given minute. Cardiac output must be maintained in order to keep sufficient blood flow through the capillaries. Identify the factors that directly affect blood flow in the circulatory system.

BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers week 3

Whole Blood (graded)

Describe the composition, physical characteristics, and functions of whole blood. Explain why it is classified as a connective tissue.

Liquid Connective Tissue (graded)

Explain the similarities and differences among serum, lymph, and plasma. Each student should take one characteristic of the fluid, extracellular component of this connective tissue and explain how it relates to the other liquids.

BIOS 255 week4

The Lymphatic System (graded)

How do the various components of the lymphatic system operate? We have talked about many organ systems. In what ways are components of the lymphatic system involved in many other organ systems? Try to focus on one element of this system and provide an in-depth view of its contribution to our overall health.

Nonspecific Immunity (graded)

How do the various elements of the nonspecific immune system function in providing daily protection against a variety of pathogens? Each student should provide a unique aspect of the nonspecific immune system and educate the rest of us concerning its function and how effective (or ineffective) it is against one class of pathogens.

BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers week 5

B and T Cells (graded)

Our knowledge and understanding of the various forms of lymphocytes continue to expand. Our initial discussion this week will be on the various forms of B and T cells — each of us should take one class of lymphocytes and explain it’s role in the adaptive immune process. As you comment on other students’ postings be sure to add additional insight into the mechanisms of the subclass of cell and its interactions with both components of the innate and other aspects of the adaptive immune system.

Vaccinations – Friend or Foe (graded)

Recently a number of individuals have claimed that adjuvants, such as thymersol in vaccines, lead to the development of a variety of disorders, such as autism. Although these initial claims have not been substantiated and have since been withdrawn from the scientific literature, the concern continues today. How would you counsel parents concerning vaccination? Discuss the issue of herd immunity and the risks in our modern society related to refusal to provide vaccinations.

BIOS 255 week 6

Respiratory Anatomy (graded)

Describe the anatomy and histology of the respiratory system and how each of the functions are related.

Breathing (graded)

Describe the events that cause inhalation and exhalation and how Boyle’s law relates to the events.

BIOS 255 week 7

Transport of Gases (graded)

Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood, and explain how their loading and unloading is affected by temperature, pH, BPG, and PCO2.

Respiratory Diseases (graded)

Compare the causes and consequences of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. Once we have made these comparisons then we should follow up on other disorders that affect either the upper or lower respiratory systems. Be sure to comment on others postings in terms of new information that can contribute to a more complete understanding of the diseases you pick.

Devry BIOS255N Week 4 Midterm Exam Answers

Question 1. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following is a major function of blood?

Student Answer: production of enzymes

production of neurotransmitters

transduction of pressure

transportation of heat

contractility

Question 2. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following blood types is a person whose blood cells were agglutinated by anti-A serum but not by anti-B serum nor by anti-Rh serum

B positive

O negative

O positive

A negative

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Question 3. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following formed elements in blood only temporarily move through the blood before they become fixed in the tissues as macrophages?

thrombocytes

monocytes

basophils

eosinophils

Question 4. Question : (TCO3) Reduced vitamin B12 absorption from the small intestine due to reduced intrinsic factor production from the stomach results in a condition called

aplastic anemia

megaloblastic anemia

pernicious anemia

iron deficiency anemia

Question 5. Question : (TCO3) Serum is

plasma without the clotting factors

the same as lymph

formed during the first step in blood clotting

pulmonary interstitial fluid

Question 6. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following precursor cells give rise to T-cells?

meyloblasts

lymphoid stem cells

proerythroblast

megakaryoblast

Question 7. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following opposes the action of thromboxane A2 by inhibiting platelet adhesion and release?

fibrinogen

plasmin

antithrombin

prostacyclin

BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers

Question 8. Question : (TCO3) Myeloid stem cells reside in

the yellow marrow

the thymus gland

the red marrow

the spleen

Question 9. Question : (TCO1) The tough, inelastic dense connective tissue that surrounds the heart is called the

pleura

serous pericardium

fibrous pericardium

epicardium

Question 10. Question : (TCO1) During heart transplants, the ______ nerves are severed resulting in a faster resting heart rate (approximately 100 beats per minute) after the transplant

cardiac accelerator

vagus

phrenic

cervical spinal

Question 11. Question : (TCO1) Which of the following factors lead to depressed cardiac output?

alkalosis

hypoxia

all of the above

none of the above have any depressive effects on the heart

Question 12. Question : (TCO1) If a person’s resting heart rate is 70 and their resting stroke volume is 60 ml of blood, then their cardiac output is _______ L/min

4200

4.2

130

1.3

Question 13. Question : (TCO1) The purpose of the foramen ovale during fetal life is to

have the blood bypass the liver

have the blood bypass the lungs

have the blood bypass the placenta

have the blood bypass the brain

BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers Question 14. Question : (TCO1) Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the ____ of the heart.

myocardium

SA node

AV node

endocardium

Question 15. Question : (TCO1) Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) waves represents ventricular repolarization?

Q wave

P wave

S wave

T wave

Question 16. Question : (TCO1) Which part of the brain contains the cardiovascular center that regulated heart rate?

cerebrum

medullar oblongata

cerebellum

thalamus

Question 17. Question : (TCO1) Which layer of the heart is comprised of epithelial cells?

epicardium

endocardium

pericardium

serous pericardium

Question 18. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following categories of hypertensive drugs lower blood pressure by blocking the formation of angtiotensin II, which results in vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion?

ACE inhibitors

Beta blockers

calcium channel blockers

anabolic steroids

Question 19. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95 be placed in?

high normal

prehypertension

stage 1 hypertension

stage 2 hypertension, BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers

Question 20. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in response to hypovolemic shock?

kidneys conserve salt and water

heart rate increases

systemic arterioles vasodilate

heart contractility increases

Question 21. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following blood vessels have high pulsing blood pressure?

internal jugular vein

median cubital vein

inferior vena cava

none of the above

Question 22. Question : (TCO2) During fetal development, the blood from the pulmonary veins are shunted into the pulmonary arteries by the

foramen ovale

ductus venosus

placenta

ligamentum arteriosum

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Question 23. Question : (TCO2) Most capillaries throughout the body are

sinusoids

portal systems

vasoconstrictory throughputs

continuous

Question 24. Question : (TCO2) Capillaries are also referred to as

vasoconstrictors

vasodilators

pressure reservoirs

distributing vessels

Question 25. Question : (TCO2) The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic blood vessels in one minute is called

tidal volume

cardiac output

cardiac reserve

total peripheral resistance

Question 26. Question : (TCO3) What is the pulse pressure of a person that has a systolic pressure of 150 mm Hg with a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg?

Question 27. Question : (TCO3) Determine the mean arterial pressure for a patient with an average systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg with a mean diastolic pressure of 60 mm Hg:

Question 28. Question : (TCO3) What is the resting cardiac output (in liters) of an athlete with a stroke volume of 75 ml and a resting heart rate of 60 beats/minute?

Question 29. Question : (TCO3) The same athlete during exercise has a heart rate of 180 beats/minute with an increase of stroke volume to 125 ml. What is their cardiac output during exercise?

Question 30. Question : (TCO3) What is the cardiac cycle for a person with a resting heart rate of 80 beats per minute? BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers

Question 31. Question : TCO3) What is the name of the blood vessel that supplies the face and head (except the brain) with oxygenated blood?

Question 32. Question : TCO3) What is the name of the blood vessel that is the distal extension of the external iliac artery as it enters the leg?

Question 33. Question : (TCO3) What is the name of the blood vessel that drains deoxygenated blood from the medial aspect of the forearm?

Question 34. Question : TCO3) What is the name of the vein that is found behind the kneecap on the posterior surface of the leg?

Question 35. Question : (TCO3) What is the name of this blood vessel that is highlighted?

Question 36. Question : (TCO3) List and briefly describe the three mechanisms used to reduce blood loss from a damaged blood vessel.

Question 37. Question : (TCO1) Define arrhythmia and discuss different categories of arrhythmias.

Question 38. Question : (TCO2) What is a portal vein? Describe the hepatic portal circulation and its functional significance

BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers Week 1 Lab Exercise 27: Heart Structure and Function

Complete the following illustrations and post it in the Week1 Dropbox.

BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers

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Week 2 Lab 2

Bios 225 Week 2 Lab Exercise

Review of the Arteries

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Review of the Veins

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BIOS225 Week 3 Lab Exercises Review of the Major Veins of the Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis

1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10. 11. 12.13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18.19. 20.

Review of Major Arteries of the Lower Limb1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.

Review of Major Veins of the Lower Limb
1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10. 11.

BIOS 255 WEEK 5 Lab 5 –

Lymphatic System & Disease Resistance

1.Describe lymphatic system functions.

.jpg” alt=”LymphaticVessels2″>2. Locate each of the following lymphatic vessels:

right lymphatic duct, thoracic (left lymphatic) duct,

.gif”>.gif”>.gif”>right and left subclavian veins, and cisterna chyli.

a
b.
c.
d.


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.jpg” alt=”BloodLymphMovement”>

e. Determine the direction of blood and lymph movement between arterioles, blood and lymph capillaries, and venules.

f. Describe the lymphatic system role with regard to lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins.

3. What are the thymus gland functions?

4. Identify each of the following in a lymph node: afferent lymphatic vessels and efferent vessels.

.jpg” alt=”LymphNode”> a.

.gif”>.gif”>b.

c. What is the function of the macrophages within the lymph nodes?

d. Identify spleen functions..jpg” alt=”Spleen”>

.jpg” alt=”Cytolysis2″>

5. T Lymphocytes:Some activated cytotoxic T cells produce perforin. What is the function of perforin?

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6. Some activated cytotoxic T cells produce Lymphotoxin. What is the function of lymphotoxin?

.jpg” alt=”Antibodies”>7. Activated B Lymphocytes are transformed into plasma cells that produce antibodies. Name five ways antibodies can destroy foreign cells and substances.

BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers week 6 ilab

Acute respiratory disorder
Acute respiratory disorder

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BIOS 255N Week 8 Final Exam Answers – Essay Questions

Question #1. Describe the feedback mechanism involved in erythropoiesis.

Question #2. Describe the cardiac cycle (include conduction, contraction, heart sounds and EKG information).

Question #3. Describe the factors that increase blood pressure (negative feedback involved in blood pressure regulation).

Question #4. Describe the responses involved in non-specific immunity.

Question #5. Describe cell-mediated immunity (antigen presentation, antigen recognition, activation and cellular response). Include both CD8 and CD4 T cells.

Question #6. Describe antibody-mediated immunity (antigen presentation, antigen recognition, activation and cellular response).

Question #7. Describe the events, pressures and muscles involved in inhalation and exhalation.

Question #8. Describe how breathing is regulated through the negative feedback control of PCO2, PO2 and pH. BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology with Lab III – Full Course Papers