Instructions
Week 4 Project
Your “Application of Theoretical Concepts to Research” Paper is due this week. Your paper should contain the following sections:
- Background: contains two subsections, which includes a brief description of the theorist and the phenomenon of concern in the theory.
- Theory Description: a description of each of the concepts in the theory, a diagram of the theory, and a description of how the concepts are related.
- An Evaluation of the Theory: a description of the theory’s weaknesses and how the metaparadigms are described in the theory.
- Application of the Theory:
- Describe two studies that used the theory as a framework for their study, including a description of how they operationalized the concepts.
- How could you use the theory to research a phenomenon in your area of clinical practice? How would you operationalize the concepts?
You MUST use the attached template here to complete your paper.
The paper is to be thoroughly researched and well documented, with relevant material from the nursing theorists presented incorporated into the paper. Use the current edition of the APA Manual throughout the paper. Sources should focus on references from nursing theory but may also include conceptual and theoretical material from other professional domains. The paper, excluding references or appendices, is to be limited to 3-5 pages. Writing should be succinct and well organized, as it is impossible for the facilitator to evaluate form and content separately.
Submission Details for NSG 5002 Week 4 Grand Theories Project :
- Save your document as W4_Project_NSG5002_Lastname_Firstname.
- Submit your document to the Submissions Area by the due date assigned.
Grand Theories
Theories can be classified based on their levels of abstraction. The scope of grand theories is very broad and, therefore, they don’t lend themselves easily to application and testing. Grand theories are less abstract than conceptual models, but the concepts that compose them are still relatively abstract and general, and the relationships cannot be tested empirically (Fawcett, 1995)1.
Let’s begin our exploration of grand theories with Sr. Callista Roy’s adaptation model. The principal premise behind this model is that individuals are adaptive systems that cope with change through adaptation, and nursing helps to facilitate this adaptation of individuals during health and illness.
Middle Range Theories – NSG 5002 Week 4 Grand Theories Project
Middle-range theories originate from grand theories. They are less abstract and comparatively more focused and narrower in scope, which implies that they are made up of concepts and propositions that are testable. The development of the concept of caring as the central concept to nursing gave rise to several theories focused on caring. The most prominent of these caring theories is Madeleine Leininger’s theory of culture care.
Madeleine Leininger: Culture Care: Diversity and Universality Theory
Culture plays an important role in every healthcare setting. Integrating culture with care is an effective way of guiding thought processes, actions, and decisions within that culture.
Leininger’s theory takes into account the cultural beliefs and values of individuals and groups to provide satisfying and culturally congruent nursing care. Culture exhibits both diversity and universality. While diversity includes different ways of practicing care, universality refers to the common elements in care. While adopting this model, it is important to incorporate cultural differences into nursing assessments, interventions, and care plans.
The culture care theory stresses the importance of cultural care and the need to be sensitive to the role of culture in health and healing. Consider this case. A South East Asian female patient admitted to a U.S. hospital for gynecological complaints felt that she was in a hostile healthcare environment, in the midst of caregivers who were not friendly or sensitive to her needs. Everything, starting from the admission procedure, routine questioning, and physical assessment to the diet she was served, sent out negative signals to the patient. Had the attending nursing and other healthcare professionals been sensitive to her cultural differences and taken the trouble to make her feel comfortable, this turn of events could easily have been avoided. Culturally competent nurses can create positive environments where patients feel accepted and their cultural norms, beliefs, and practices are respected.
This model is relevant to education, research and practice.
|
Education |
Research |
Practice |
| Leininger’s model is helpful to nurse educators to teach the importance of transcultural nursing to students and function as ambassadors of a culturally competent nursing force. NSG 5002 Week 4 Grand Theories Project | Further research will guide the discovery of new knowledge, which may transform the way nursing is taught and practiced. | It helps to meet the needs of culturally diverse people. |
Leininger’s theory presumes that human beings are inherently social and concerned about the well-being and survival of others. Nursing actions, therefore, need to be culture specific so as to reflect an understanding of and respect for the client’s values, beliefs, and practices.
What are some of the cultural factors that you should consider in patient care? Can you recollect instances from your personal experience where this theory could have been effectively applied to achieve better patient outcomes?
This week will help you make the distinction between middle-range theories and grand theories. Examining research studies on Royï’s adaptation model, Leiningerï’s theory, and Penderï’s model from the CINAHL database will help you realize how the concepts of these theories find application in nursing practice. You will also get an opportunity to critique a theory of your choice. Below is a list of Middle Range Theories that can be applicable to your nursing practice. It is not a full list, however they are commonly used Middle Range Theories used in nursing practice.
- The Framework of Systemic Organization
- Theory of Group Power within Organizations
- Theory of Comfort
- Theory of Maternal Role Attainment
- Nurse as Wounded Healer
- Synergy Model – AACN
- Behavioral Systems Model
- Quality of Nursing care Theory
- Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms
- Advancing Technology, Caring, and Nursing
- Health Belief Model
- Theory of Uncertainty in Illness
- Goal Attainment Theory
- Theory of Comfort
- Theory of Symptom Management
- Theory of Adaptation to Chronic Pain
- Theory of Self-Transcendence
- Theory of Therapeutic Intention
- Perception of Dissonant Pattern
- Health Belief Model
- Theory of Reasoned Action
- Theory of Skill Acquisition
- Uncertainty in Illness Theory
- Theory of Exercise as Self-Care
- Theory of Dyspnea
- Self-Care of Chronic Illness
- Theory of Caregiver Stress
- Theory of Fulfillment
- Theory of Successful Aging
- Theory of Generative Quality of Life for Elderly
- Theory of Nursing Presence
- Interaction Model of Client Behavior
- Empowered Holistic Nursing Education
- Music, Mood, and Movement
- Self-Care Management for Vulnerable Populations
Nola Pender’s Model – NSG 5002 Week 4 Grand Theories Project
Nola J. Pender: Health Promotion Model (HPM)
The fundamental aim of every healthcare professional is health promotion and disease prevention. This shift in focus has taken place because of the high costs involved in healthcare. Pender’s health promotion model was developed to provide a framework for predicting health promoting behaviors.
The factors that influence health behaviors are multidimensional. All factors are interrelated and, therefore, produce results that exert both direct and indirect influences on health promoting behaviors. These factors cooperatively support the processes that influence individuals to make informed decisions and participate in health promoting behaviors. Identification of the interrelationships and an understanding of the dynamics that facilitate health specific behaviors provide insight into both health compromising and health enhancing behaviors, and is what makes the model useful to researchers (Pender,1996)2.
Consider this example. Lack of physical activity and sedentary life styles are emerging as major health risks today. Populations across the world require regular physical activity to maintain good health and prevent diseases. Pender’s HPM model can be used as a framework to examine the necessity of continued research in this important area of health behavior, as this will facilitate the identification of the most effective interventions to promote physical activity among diverse populations
The HPM model is relevant to education, research, and practice.
|
Education |
Research |
Practice |
| It is useful to design wellness-focused courses in nursing curriculum. | Research in different areas trying to correlate the influence of HPM on health promoting behaviors helps to test the empirical precision of the model. | Implementing this model will have a positive impact on health promotion within clinical practice, thereby affecting the health of the population as a whole. |
2.Pender, N. (1996). Health promotion in nursing practice. (3rd ed.). Stamford, CT: Appleton and Lange.
NSG 5002 Week 4 Grand Theories Project – Week 4 Discussion
Directions:
Continue with the theory you chose last week.
- Describe two research studies that used your theory as a foundation. Describe how each study used the theory.
- How were the concepts operationalized? When concepts are operationalized, they are turned from an abstract form to something measurable.
Submission Details
- In your discussion question response, provide a substantive response that illustrates a well-reasoned and thoughtful response; is factually correct with relevant scholarly citations, references, and examples; and demonstrates a clear connection to the readings.
- Post your response to the Discussion area by the assigned due date.
- Be sure to correct any spelling, grammar, or pNSG 5002 Week 4 Grand Theories Project unctuation errors before you post.
- By the end of day four (4), respond to at least 2 of your peers’ submissions. In your participation responses to your peers, comments must demonstrate thorough analysis of postings and extend meaningful discussion by building on previous postings.
Note: Review South University’s Substantive Participation Policy Criteria, Helpful Tips, and Late Policy available by clicking on the South University Policy and Guidelines navigation tab here. The late policy applies to late discussion question responses.
Good work with a nice discussion of research studies that used Henderson – just needing a little more detail about the studies. I also only see one peer interaction?
The Health Promotion Model by Nola Pender is described in the textbook as a shared relationship between the practice of nursing, theoretical standards, and research. (Butts and Rich, 2017) The book goes on to explain that the model has three aspects of measure: a person’s own history and experiences, behavioral variants which can change based on a client’s circumstances and support, and finally behavioral outcomes which is the culmination of the other two aspects. (Butts and Rich, 2017) Numerous studies have been documented and researched based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model (Pender et al., 2011) as it is a standard to measuring the efficacy of a health intervention on a patient’s health.
Research Study #1
In an article written by Suganthi et al, (2020) the examination of how a patient perceives their illness as well as how education influences their health in battling end stage renal disease (ESRD) is discussed. The article focuses not only on how ESRD has affected a patient’s personal health, but also the patient’s attitude and education in relation to how effectively hemodialysis can improve outcomes for managing this difficult chronic illness by using a descriptive cross-sectional study. In the article the authors state, “This study results supported the application of a conceptual framework based on the health promotion model by Pender…” (Suganthi et al., 2020, p. 15) The authors appropriately use Pender’s Health Promotion Model (Pender et al., 2011) to denote a statistically significant correlation between a patient’s experience, education, and positive actions such as hemodialysis to better manage ESRD. NSG 5002 Week 4 Grand Theories Project
Research Study #2
Another article, written by Vitztum et al., (2016) takes a similar approach in looking at how beneficial walking therapy dogs can be with the adolescent population of orthopedic patients. While considering the varying types of orthopedic ailments, the authors also measure whether the actions of walking positively influence health by tracking the body mass index (BMI). The authors stated that “The HPM constructs of self-efficacy, perceived emotional support, and purposeful activity guided this approach.” (Vitztum et al., 2016, p.259) The study was done by pre and post intervention and participants were selected who met the preset guidelines from local clinics and hospitals in the area. Care was taken not to have type I or II errors. A direct correlation can be drawn between the actions of a patient walking, finding impacts of emotional well-being, and patient’s lowering their BMI. In effect, this supported their hypothesis that connecting with the animals, taking scheduled walks, and participating in their own care could decrease BMI.
The concepts of health promotion in relation to a patient’s experiences, behaviors, and behavioral outcomes is well documented and operationalized. Each aspect of Pender’s Health Promotion Model (Pender et al., 2011) can be measured based on the very idea that each component can be determined and quantified. To determine outcomes then becomes inevitable because it is calculable based on pre-determined measures. Those concepts can then be researched and discussed for better health promotion. No matter the disease or context, the concepts of this model can be hypothesized and researched for efficacy which is its benefit.
References:
Butts, J., & Rich, K. (2017). Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice. (3rd
ed.). (https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/#/books/9781284143010/, Ed.) Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Suganthi, S., Porkodi, A., & Geetha, P. (2020). Assess the illness perception and treatment
adherence among patients with end-stage renal disease. Iranian Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research, 25(1), 12–17. https://doi-org.su.idm.oclc.org/10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_74_19
Vitztum, C., Kelly, P. J., & Cheng, A.-L. (2016). Hospital-Based Therapy Dog Walking for
Adolescents with Orthopedic Limitations: A Pilot Study. Comprehensive Child & Adolescent Nursing, 39(4), 256–271. https://doi-org.su.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/24694193.2016.1196266
Pender, N. J., Murdaugh, C. L., & Parsons, M. A. (2011). Health promotion in nursing
practice (6th ed.). Pearson. NSG 5002 Week 4 Grand Theories Project