Chapter 12 – Massage & Chapter 13 – Pressure Point Therapies

COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES FOR NURSING PRACTICE

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F o u r t h E d i t i o n

Karen Lee Fontaine Professor, College of Nursing, Purdue University Calumet,

Hammond, Indiana

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ISBN-13: 978-0-13-334650-3 ISBN-10: 0-13-334650-1

Dedication

This book is dedicated to Peggy Gerard, Dean, and Kathy Nix, Undergraduate Coordinator, College of Nursing,

Purdue University Calumet for all their support and enthusiasm as complementary and alternative medicine

was integrated into the curriculum.

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CONTENTS

Preface ix

Acknowledgments xiii

Reviewers xiv

UNIT 1 Healing Practices: Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Nurses 1

Chapter 1 Integrative Healing 3

Chapter 2 Basic Concepts Guiding Alternative Therapies 19

Chapter 3 The Role of Evidence-Based Health Care in Complementary and Alternative Therapies 37

UNIT 2 Systematized Health Care Practices 47 Chapter 4 Traditional Chinese Medicine 49

Chapter 5 Ayurvedic Medicine 70

Chapter 6 Native American Healing and Curanderismo 90

UNIT 3 Botanical Healing 111 Chapter 7 Herbs and Nutritional Supplements 113

Chapter 8 Aromatherapy 133

Chapter 9 Homeopathy 149

Chapter 10 Naturopathy 162

UNIT 4 Manual Healing Methods 169 Chapter 11 Chiropractic 171

Chapter 12 Massage 183

Chapter 13 Pressure Point Therapies 202

Chapter 14 Hand-Mediated Biofield Therapies 217

Chapter 15 Combined Physical and Biofield Therapy 230

UNIT 5 Mind–Body Techniques 239 Chapter 16 Yoga 241

Chapter 17 Meditation 256

Chapter 18 Hypnotherapy and Guided Imagery 269

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Chapter 19 Dreamwork 286

Chapter 20 Intuition 301

Chapter 21 Music as a Therapeutic Tool 311

Chapter 22 Biofeedback 320

Chapter 23 Movement-Oriented Therapies 327

UNIT 6 Spiritual Therapies 339 Chapter 24 Shamans 341

Chapter 25 Faith and Prayer 352

UNIT 7 Other Therapies 367 Chapter 26 Bioelectromagnetics 369

Chapter 27 Animal-Assisted Therapy 378

Appendix Alternative Therapies for Common Health Problems 393

Index 417

vi Contents

TRY THIS

vii

Energy 34 Massage 88 Positive Thoughts 107 Herbal Remedies 128 Soothing Potions 144 Top 10 Remedies 157 Pet Remedies 158 Visualization 167 Energy Boosters 181 Massage 199 Foot Massage 213 Experience Your Energy Field 227 Emotional First Aid 235 Redirecting the Flow of Energy 236 Heart Breathing 252 Loving–Kindness Meditation 266

Renovating Your Day 283 Shrinking Antagonistic

Forces 283 Improving Dream Recall 298 Positive Affirmations 308 Practice Intuition 309 Music for Stress Reduction 316 Mind Control of Muscular

Strength 324 Feel Your Qi 335 Wave Hands Like Clouds (Water

T’ai Chi) 336 Shamanic Journey 349 Absorbing Earth Energy 375 Going to the Mountains 376 Interacting with Your Pet 389

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PREFACE

The profession of nursing has advanced beyond the Western biomedical model to incorporate many healing tools used by our Asian, Latino, Native American, African, and European ancestors. We are rapidly rediscovering that these ancient principles and practices have significant therapeutic value. Some see this movement as a “return to our roots.” Others believe it is a response to runaway health care costs, growing dissatisfaction with high-tech medicine, and increasing concern over the adverse effects and misuse of med- ications. The growth of consumer empowerment also fuels this movement.

As nurses, how do you begin to assimilate thousands of years of healing knowledge? How do you begin this journey of integrating practices into your own lives? In your professional practice, how do you model healthful living? How do you help clients choose their own healing journeys? How do you break down the barriers between conventional and complementary and alter- native medicine (CAM)? Learning about CAM practices, like anything else, is a slow process involving a steady accumulation of bits of information and skills that eventually form a coherent pattern called knowledge. Although it is possible to learn a great deal about healing practices from reading, thinking, and asking questions, you must in the long run learn about healing through participation. Without hands-on experience, you can be a good student, but you can never be a great nursing practitioner of the healing arts. I trust this book will be one step in a lifelong exploration of and experiences with healing practices.

Consumers do not wish to abandon conventional medicine, but they do want to have a range of options available to them including herbs and nutri- tional supplements, manual healing methods, mind–body techniques, and spiritual approaches. Some CAM practices, such as exercise, proper nutrition, meditation, and massage, promote health and prevent disease. Others, such as herbs and homeopathic remedies, address specific illnesses. Many other CAM practices do both. The rise of chronic disease rates in Western society is increasingly motivating consumers to consider self-care approaches. As recently as the 1950s, only 30% of all disease was chronic, and curable—largely infectious—diseases dominated, for which medical interventions were both appropriate and effective. Now, 80% of all disease is chronic. Western medi- cine, with its focus on acute disorders, trauma, and surgery, is considered to be the best high-tech medical care in the world. Unfortunately, it is not responding adequately to the current epidemic of chronic illnesses.

Ethnocentrism, the assumption that one’s own cultural or ethnic group is superior to others, has often prevented Western health care practitioners from learning “new” ways to promote health and prevent chronic illness. With consumer demand for a broader range of options, we must open our minds to the idea that other cultures and countries have valid ways of preventing and curing diseases that could be good for Western societies.

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x Preface

Although the information may be new to us, many of these traditions are hun- dreds or even thousands of years old and have long been part of the medical mainstream in other cultures.

I have titled this book Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Nursing Practice because I believe we need to merge CAM approaches with Western- based nursing practices. I have tried to provide enough information about alternative therapies to help guide practice decisions. This text, as an over- view and practical guide for nurses, does not pretend to be an exhaustive col- lection of all the facts and related research in CAM, nor does it offer meticulous documentation for all claims made by the various therapies. The goal of the text is to motivate you, the reader, to explore CAM approaches, increase your knowledge about factors that contribute to health and illness, and expand your professional practice appropriately.

It is possible to classify alternative practices in any number of ways. I have chosen to present more than 40 approaches categorized into seven units. In Unit 1, I introduce the philosophical approaches to both Western bio- medicine and complementary and alternative medicine, as well as evidence- based health care in CAM therapies. Concepts common to many approaches are defined and discussed, such as energy, breath, spirituality, and healing. Unit 2 presents a number of health care practices that have been systematized throughout the centuries worldwide. These typically include an entire set of values, attitudes, and beliefs that generate a philosophy of life, not simply a group of remedies. The chapters cover Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, and Native American healing and curanderismo. Unit 3 comprises chapters relating to botanical healings used by 80% of the world’s population. Chapters cover herbs and nutritional supplements, aromather- apy, homeopathy, and naturopathy. Unit 4 presents manual healing methods—some from ancient times and some developed in the latter half of the 20th century. The chapters discuss chiropractic, massage, pressure point therapies, hand-mediated biofield therapies, and combined physical and biofield therapies. The chapters in Unit 5 cover types of mind–body tech- niques for healing and include yoga, meditation, hypnotherapy and guided imagery, dreams, intuition, music as a therapeutic tool, biofeedback, and movement-oriented therapies. Unit 6 presents two spiritual approaches to therapeutic intervention: working with shamans and the use of faith and prayer. Unit 7 includes two chapters on miscellaneous practices: bioelectro- magnetics and animal-assisted therapy. Chapter 12 – Massage & Chapter 13 – Pressure Point Therapies