N512-19A Module One: Genetic Disease and Neoplasia Assignment 1

Discussion 1

See Van, a 35-year-old married Hmong-American woman recently underwent an annual Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) at her Certified Nurse Midwife’s practice, and the results were abnormal. Her provider diagnosed her with low-grade cervical dysplasia. What alterations at the cellular level would you expect to see with this diagnosis? Provide and discuss with your colleagues S. V.’s prognosis. Support your discussion with citations from the textbook, external credible literature and/or reliable electronic sources. N512-19A Module One: Genetic Disease and Neoplasia Assignment 1

Remember to respond to at least two of your peers. Please refer to the Course Syllabus for Participation Guidelines & Grading Criteria.

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Sample Solution Approach

Cervical dysplasia is also known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and is an abnormal cell growth on the surface of the cervix (Cleveland Clinic). The majority of information sources consider cervical dysplasia to be a precancerous condition (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) | Cleveland Clinic, 2020) and a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is a procedure to collect cells from the cervix to test for subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) (Wright, 2020). The abnormal changes seen are “typical described as squamous intraepithelial lesions and are classified as low-grade or high grade” (Mello & Sundstrom, 2019). When viewed under a microscope, the low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions are “darker and larger than normal squamous cells, are divided into small groups, and may have two nuclei” (MyPatho). Low grade cervical dysplasia often resolves with no treatment due to cells “reverting back to normal due to an intact immune response and rapid turnover of cells on the cervix” (Mello & Sundstrom, 2019) and it is recommended for surveillance follow up in one year for a repeat pap smear (Mello & Sundstrom, 2019). According to the Cleveland Clinic, low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia will progress to cervical cancer in about 1% of the cases (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN | Cleveland Clinic, 2020). Preventative treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is to be vaccinated against the human papillomavirus (Wright, 2020).

Sources:

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) | Cleveland Clinic. (2020, June 11). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15678-cervical-intraepithelial-neoplasia-cin

Mello, V., & Sundstrom, R. K. (2019, June 16). Cancer, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN). Nih.Gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544371/

Wasserman, J. (2020, June 4). Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion – Cervix. MyPathologyReport.Ca. https://www.mypathologyreport.ca/cervix-lsil/

Wright, J. D. (2020, June 10). UpToDate. Www.Uptodate.Com. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cervical-intraepithelial-neoplasia-terminology-incidence-pathogenesis-and-prevention

298 words

Hi Ivy,

Thanks for your post. Although HPV vaccination will not be of much help to our patient in this case study since she already has cervical dysplasia, HPV vaccine seems to have early benefits in prevention of cervical cancer for young females in the US. Guo et al. (2018) compared the 4-year incidence rates for cervical cancer among young US females (aged 15-34 years old) from the years 2003-2006 (before HPV vaccine was introduced) and 2011-2014 (latest vaccine era with data). They found that the incidence rates in this population during 2011-2014 was 29% lower compared to the 2003 to 2006 rates (Guo et al., 2018). Thus, we should definitely encourage HPV vaccine for children and teens to see further benefits.

-Dr. Rey

Reference:

Guo, F., Cofie, L. E., & Berenson, A. B. (2018). Cervical cancer incidence in young US females after human papillomavirus vaccine introduction. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 55(2), 197-204.

154 words

Hi Dr. Reynaldo,
I didn’t realize that I indicated a recommendation for the vaccine until I re-read my post. I meant it to be a recommendation for younger females but somehow left that part out. My brain types faster than my fingers. 🙂
Thank you for your feedback. I really appreciated it.
Ivy

52 words N512-19A Module One: Genetic Disease and Neoplasia Assignment 1

Assignment 1

The purpose of this paper is to address the following clinical scenario with the use of your textbook, external credible literature, and/or reliable electronic sources. Use the guide below to draft your paper and review the rubric to ensure you have met the assignment criteria. The expected length of the paper is approximately 4-5 pages, which does not include the cover page and reference page(s).

Lisa Anderson, a 22 y.o., Caucasian single parent, is referred for genetic counseling by her pediatric Nurse Practitioner. She has a 3-year-old boy with developmental delay and small joint hyperextensibility. The pediatric Nurse Practitioner has diagnosed fragile X-associated mental retardation. She is currently pregnant with her second child at 14 weeks of gestation. The family history is unremarkable.

Please use the following headings/subheadings as a guide to draft your paper:

Introduction (including a brief purpose statement)
Identify the genetic mutation responsible for fragile X-associated mental retardation.
Describe and discuss how it causes the clinical syndrome of developmental delay, joint hyperextensibility, large testes, and facial abnormalities.
Identify which parent is the probable carrier of the genetic mutation?
Explain why this parent and the grandparents are phenotypically unaffected.
Discuss the likelihood that the unborn child will be affected?

VII. Conclusion

In regards to APA format, please use the following as a guide:

Include a cover page and running head (this is not part of the 4-5 page limit)
Include transitions in your paper (i.e. headings or subheadings)
Use in-text references throughout the paper
Use double space, 12 point Times New Roman font
Spelling, grammar, and organization are appropriate
Include a reference list (this is not part of the 4-5 page limit)
Attempt to use primary sources only. That said, you may cite reliable electronic sources (i.e. ANA)

Assignment 1 Rubric

Assignment 1 Rubric

Criteria

60 Points

55 Points

50 Points

40 Points

Earned Points

Content: Application & Analysis

Responds correctly and/or appropriately to all questions and criteria. Content is excellent.

Demonstrates a high level of critical thinking, shows significant insight or creative thought about the topic, and does not merely recite the text/resources. Uses concepts and terminology correctly. Detail rich and specific. N512-19A Module One: Genetic Disease and Neoplasia Assignment 1

Responds correctly and/or appropriately to all questions and criteria. Content is good.

Demonstrates some critical thinking throughout the paper and may also show some insight or creative thinking about the topic. Mostly uses concepts and terminology correctly (1-2 issues). Minor detail inconsistencies (1-2).

Responds correctly and/or appropriately to at least one question OR if only one question, partially responds to question. Does not address all criteria. Content is minimal.

Demonstrates at least one critical thinking skill in the paper. Attempts to use concepts and terminology correctly. Several detail inconsistencies (3-5).

Paper is unclear and does not address the questions and/or criteria. Content does not meet requirements. Many inconsistencies and conflicting information (6+).

/60

Criteria

20 Points

16 Points

14 Points

12 Points

Earned Points

Quality: Supporting Research & Sources

All work is accurately cited (where applicable) and appropriately supports content with research, text, multimedia, and/or other resources. References are relevant and enhance the topic.

Most of the work is accurately cited (where applicable) and adequately supports content with research, text, and/or resources. One issue with reference or use of one inappropriate reference. References are relevant to the topic.

2-3 issues with references, including the use of inappropriate references to support content. May fail to provide references to support content. 1-2 references are not relevant to the topic and/or distract from the topic at hand.

4 or more issues with references, including the use of inappropriate references to support content OR failure to include references (where applicable). No supporting references are used OR they are used but 3+ references are not relevant to the topic.

/20

Criteria

10 Points

8 Points

7 Points

6 Points

Earned Points

Organization

Paper is well-organized. Ideas are clear and arranged logically. Transitions are smooth, no flaws in logic.

Paper is organized. Ideas are usually clear and arranged in an acceptable sequence (1-2 issues). Transitions are usually smooth (1-2 issues), good support.

Paper lacks organization. There are many problems with the approach (3-5 issues with organization). Some difficulty understanding ideas. Issues with support and transitions (3-5).

Paper is poorly organized and difficult to understand. Many issues with support and transitions (6+). Ideas are arranged illogically and do not make sense. N512-19A Module One: Genetic Disease and Neoplasia Assignment 1

/10

Accuracy & Basic Writing Mechanics

Error-free, including APA formatting, reflecting clear understanding of various forms of expression and careful editing.

Very few (less than 3) errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and/or punctuation. Very few (less than 3) issues with APA formatting. Occasional poor choice of word.

4-5 errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and/or punctuation. 4-5 issues with APA Formatting. Writing may be difficult to understand at times.

More than 5 errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and/or punctuation. Many (6+ issues with APA formatting. Writing is difficult to understand in many instances.

/10

Criteria	60 Points	55 Points	50 Points	40 Points	Earned Points
Content: Application & Analysis	Responds correctly and/or appropriately to all questions and criteria. Content is excellent. Demonstrates a high level of critical thinking, shows significant insight or creative thought about the topic, and does not merely recite the text/resources. Uses concepts and terminology correctly. Detail rich and specific.	Responds correctly and/or appropriately to all questions and criteria. Content is good. Demonstrates some critical thinking throughout the paper and may also show some insight or creative thinking about the topic. Mostly uses concepts and terminology correctly (1-2 issues). Minor detail inconsistencies (1-2).	Responds correctly and/or appropriately to at least one question OR if only one question, partially responds to question. Does not address all criteria. Content is minimal. Demonstrates at least one critical thinking skill in the paper. Attempts to use concepts and terminology correctly. Several detail inconsistencies (3-5).	Paper is unclear and does not address the questions and/or criteria. Content does not meet requirements. Many inconsistencies and conflicting information (6+).	/60
Criteria	20 Points	16 Points	14 Points	12 Points	Earned Points
Quality: Supporting Research & Sources	All work is accurately cited (where applicable) and appropriately supports content with research, text, multimedia, and/or other resources. References are relevant and enhance the topic.	Most of the work is accurately cited (where applicable) and adequately supports content with research, text, and/or resources. One issue with reference or use of one inappropriate reference. References are relevant to the topic.	2-3 issues with references, including the use of inappropriate references to support content. May fail to provide references to support content. 1-2 references are not relevant to the topic and/or distract from the topic at hand.	4 or more issues with references, including the use of inappropriate references to support content OR failure to include references (where applicable). No supporting references are used OR they are used but 3+ references are not relevant to the topic. N512-19A Module One: Genetic Disease and Neoplasia Assignment 1	/20
Criteria	10 Points	8 Points	7 Points	6 Points	Earned Points
Organization	Paper is well-organized. Ideas are clear and arranged logically. Transitions are smooth, no flaws in logic.	Paper is organized. Ideas are usually clear and arranged in an acceptable sequence (1-2 issues). Transitions are usually smooth (1-2 issues), good support.	Paper lacks organization. There are many problems with the approach (3-5 issues with organization). Some difficulty understanding ideas. Issues with support and transitions (3-5).	Paper is poorly organized and difficult to understand. Many issues with support and transitions (6+). Ideas are arranged illogically and do not make sense.	/10
Accuracy & Basic Writing Mechanics	Error-free, including APA formatting, reflecting clear understanding of various forms of expression and careful editing.	Very few (less than 3) errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and/or punctuation. Very few (less than 3) issues with APA formatting. Occasional poor choice of word.	4-5 errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and/or punctuation. 4-5 issues with APA Formatting. Writing may be difficult to understand at times.	More than 5 errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and/or punctuation. Many (6+ issues with APA formatting. Writing is difficult to understand in many instances.	/10

N512-19A Module One: Genetic Disease and Neoplasia Assignment 1

N512-19A Module One: Genetic Disease and Neoplasia Assignment 1