Discussion 1: Maladaptive Responses to Immune Disorders
Discussion 1: Maladaptive Responses to Immune Disorders
Maladaptive responses to disorders are compensatory mechanisms that ultimately have adverse health effects for patients. For instance, a patient’s allergic reaction to peanuts might lead to anaphylactic shock, or a patient struggling with depression might develop a substance abuse problem. To properly diagnose and treat patients, advanced practice nurses must understand both the pathophysiology of disorders and potential maladaptive responses that some disorders cause.
Consider immune disorders such as HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus E. What are resulting maladaptive responses for patients with these disorders? Discussion 1: Maladaptive Responses to Immune Disorders
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Responses to Immune Disorders
To Prepare for Discussion 1: Maladaptive Responses to Immune Disorders
By Day 3 OF Discussion 1: Maladaptive Responses to Immune Disorders
Post a brief description of the pathophysiology of your selected immune disorders. Explain how the maladaptive and physiological responses of the two disorders differ. Finally, explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of each disorder.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses. Discussion 1: Maladaptive Responses to Immune Disorders
By Day 5 OF Discussion 1: Maladaptive Responses to Immune Disorders
NURS 6501 Week 2 Assignment (Walden)
Adaptive Response
This paper will be discussing the adaptive responses that lead to diagnoses in three patient scenarios. The first scenario will be discussing Jennifer’s tonsillitis. The second scenario will be on Jack’s allergic contact dermatitis. Finally, the third will be based on Martha’s clinical depression.
Scenario One
Scenario Two
Scenario Three
MIND MAP OF TONSILLITIS
NURS 6501 Week 4 Assignment Artery and Vein Disorders (Walden)
Walden University NURS-6501N-29
Artery and Vein Disorders
Blood vessels carry blood from the heart to the tissues throughout the body and back to the heart. Without adequate blood flow to the tissue and organs within the body, ischemia will take place. Ischemia is the restriction of blood flow to a specific tissue area. This is usually caused by problems within the blood vessels. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are two conditions that affect the vascular system. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the pathophysiology of these disorders, discuss how age is a risk factor, as well as treatment options.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Patient Factor
Diagnosis and Treatment
Conclusion
References
NURS 6501 Week 5 Discussion 2 Progression of Anaphylactic Shock (Walden)
Progression of Anaphylactic Shock
ER vs. Outpatient
Genetics
Anaphylactic Shock
The treatment of anaphylactic shock varies depending on a patient’s physiological response to the alteration. Immediate medical intervention and emergency room visits are vital for some patients, while others can be treated through basic outpatient care.
Consider the January 2012 report of a 6-year-old girl who went to her school nurse complaining of hives and shortness of breath. Since the school did not have any medication under her name to use for treatment and was not equipped to handle her condition, she was sent to an emergency room where she was pronounced dead. This situation has raised numerous questions about the progression of allergic reactions, how to treat students with severe allergies, how to treat students who develop allergic reactions for the first time, and the availability of epinephrine in schools. If you were the nurse at the girl’s school, how would you have handled the situation? How do you know when it is appropriate to treat patients yourself and when to refer them to emergency care?
To prepare:
· Review “Anaphylactic Shock” in Chapter 23 of the Huether and McCance text, “Distributive Shock” in Chapter 10 of the McPhee and Hammer text, and the Jacobsen and Gratton article in the Learning Resources.
· Identify the multisystem physiologic progression that occurs in anaphylactic shock. Think about how these multisystem events can occur in a very short period of time.
· Consider when you should refer patients to emergency care versus treating as an outpatient.
· Select two patient factors different from the one you selected in this week’s first Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the process of anaphylactic shock.
Post 1 page APA
1. an explanation of the physiological progression that occurs in anaphylactic shock.
2. Then, describe the circumstances under which you would refer patients for emergency care versus treating as an outpatient.
3. Finally, explain how the patient factors you selected might impact the process of anaphylactic shock.
Course readings
· Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
o Chapter 22, “Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems”
This chapter examines the circulatory system, heart, systemic circulation, and lymphatic system to establish a foundation for normal cardiovascular function. It focuses on the structure and function of various parts of the circulatory system to illustrate normal blood flow.
o Chapter 23, “Alterations of Cardiovascular Function”
This chapter presents the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of various cardiovascular disorders. It focuses on diseases of the veins and arteries, disorders of the heart wall, heart disease, and shock.
o Chapter 24, “Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children”
This chapter examines cardiovascular disorders that affect children. It distinguishes congenital heart diseases from acquired cardiovascular disorders.
· McPhee, S. J., & Hammer, G. D. (2010). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical.
o Chapter 10, “Cardiovascular Disorders: Heart Disease”
This chapter begins by exploring the normal structure and function of the heart. It then examines the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of five heart disorders: arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, and pericardial disease.
· Jacobsen, R. C., & Gratton, M. C. (2011). A case of unrecognized prehospital anaphylactic shock.Prehospital Emergency Care, 15(1), 61–66.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article provides information relating to the diagnosis and management of anaphylactic shock. It also explores difficulties encountered when diagnosing uncommon clinical presentations of anaphylactic shock.
References
NURS 6501 Week 5 Scenario (Walden)
Scenario
The scenario presented discusses an otherwise healthy teenager that has a heart murmur that suddenly collapses and dies. According to the Mayo Clinic, sudden cardiac death (SCD) is often caused by undetected cardiac dysfunctions that trigger symptoms with increased physical demand (2017). The Mayo Clinic estimates that one out of every 50k deaths in young adults may be attributed to SCD. Causes of SCD are listed as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), coronary artery abnormalities, and long QT syndrome. Considering that a grade II/IV systolic murmur was heard, and the fact that it is the most common genetic cardiovascular disease, the patient most likely suffered from undiagnosed HCM (Cleveland Clinic, 2015).
HCM
Ethnicity and HCM
References
NURS 6501 Week 6 Assignment Asthma (Walden)
Chronic Asthma
Asthma: Chronic and Acute
Pathophysiology of an Asthma Attack
Behavior as a Risk Factor
Summary
References
NURS 6501 Week 6 Scenerio 2 (Walden)
Scenario 2
Pertussis
Two Factors
References
NURS 6501 Week 7 Discussion Anaemia (Walden)
Anaemia
Complications of asthma can be sudden. Consider the case of Bradley Wilson, a young boy who had several medical conditions. He appeared in good health when he went to school, returned home, and ate dinner. However, when he later went outside to play, he came back inside wheezing. An ambulance took him to the hospital where he was pronounced dead (Briscoe, 2012). In another case, 10-year-old Dynasty Reese, who had mild asthma, woke up in the middle of the night and ran to her grandfather’s bedroom to tell him she couldn’t breathe. By the time paramedics arrived, she had passed out and was pronounced dead at the hospital (Glissman, 2012). These situations continue to outline the importance of recognizing symptoms of asthma and providing immediate treatment, as well as distinguishing minor symptoms from serious, life-threatening symptoms. Since these symptoms and attacks are often induced by a trigger, as an advanced practice nurse, you must be able to help patients identify their triggers and recommend appropriate treatment options. For this reason, you need to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. NURS 6501 Week 6 Assignment – Asthma
To Prepare for NURS 6501 Week 6 Assignment – Asthma
Review “Asthma” in Chapter 27 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Consider how these disorders are similar and different.
Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
Review the “Mind maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. NURS 6501 Week 6 Assignment – Asthma
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To Complete
Write a 2- to 3-page NURS 6501 Week 6 Assignment – Asthma paper that addresses the following:
Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Be sure to explain the changes in the arterial blood gas patterns during an exacerbation.
Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment for a patient based on the factor you selected.
Construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.
By Day 7
This NURS 6501 Week 6 Assignment – Asthma is due.
Note: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm). All papers submitted must use this formatting.
Reference
Briscoe, K. (2012, May 12). Thetford: mother of Bradley Wilson, who died of asthma attack, told there was nothing she could have done. East Anglian Daily Times. Retrieved from http://www.eadt.co.uk/news/thetford_mother_of_bradley_wilson_who_died_of_asthma_attack_told_there_was_nothing_she_could_have_done_1_1375128
Glissman, B. (2012, May 21). Girl’s death puts focus on asthma’s broader grip. Omaha World-Herald. Retrieved from http://www.omaha.com/article/20120521/LIVEWELL01/305219975
Submission and Grading Information
To submit your completed NURS 6501 – Advanced Pathophysiology Essay Assignments for review and grading, do the following:
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According to Huether and McCance, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common of all anemias. This anemia has red blood cells that are smaller compared to those of non-anemic patients, as well as a reduction in hemoglobin concentration…
NURS 6501 Week 8 Assignment Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders of Motility (Walden)
NURS 6501, Advanced Pathophysiology
Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility
Acid Production and Stimulation
GERD, PUD, and Gastritis
Gender as a Factor
Jamie is a 3-month-old female who presents with her mother for evaluation of “throwing up.” Mom reports that Jamie has been throwing up pretty much all the time since she was born. Jamie does not seem to be sick. In fact, she drinks her formula vigorously and often acts hungry. Jamie has normal soft brown bowel movements every day and, overall, seems like a happy and contented baby. She smiles readily and does not cry often. Other than the fact that she often throws up after drinking a bottle, she seems to be a very healthy, happy infant. A more precise history suggests that Jamie does not exactly throw up—she does not heave or act unwell—but rather it just seems that almost every time she drinks a bottle she regurgitates a milky substance. Mom thought that she might be allergic to her formula and switched her to a hypoallergenic formula. It didn’t appear to help at all, and now Mom is very concerned.
Cases like these are not uncommon. The mother was concerned and thinking her daughter may have an allergy; she changed to a different formula. However, sometimes babies have immature GI tracts that can lead to physiology reflux as they adapt to normal life outside the uterus. Parents often do not consider this possibility, prompting them to change formulas rather than seeking medical care. As in the case study above, GI alterations can often be difficult to identify because many cause similar symptoms. This same issue also arises with adults—adults may present with symptoms that have various potential causes. When evaluating patients, it is important for the advanced practice nurse to know the types of questions he or she needs to ask to obtain the appropriate information for diagnosis. For this reason, you must have an understanding of common GI disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis.
To Prepare for this Week 8 Assignment – Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility
Review this week’s media presentation on the gastrointestinal system.
Review Chapter 35 in the Huether and McCance text. Identify the normal pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production.
Review Chapter 37 in the Huether and McCance text. Consider the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis. Think about how these disorders are similar and different.
Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Consider how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on this factor.
Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for gastritis. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of gastritis.
To Complete Week 8 Assignment – Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility
Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:
Describe the normal pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production. Explain the changes that occur to gastric acid stimulation and production with GERD, PUD, and gastritis disorders.
Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
Construct a mind map for gastritis. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.
By Day 7
This Week 8 Assignment – Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility is due.
Submission and Grading Information
To submit your completed for review and grading, do the following:
Please save your Week 8 Assignment – Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility using the naming convention “WK8Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
Click the Week 8 NURS 6501 – Advanced Pathophysiology Essay Assignments 1 Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
Click the Week 8 Assignment 1 link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK8Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my Week 8 Assignment – Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
NURS 6501 Week 8 Discussion (Walden)
Digestive Disorders
Many patient symptoms can be tied to multiple disorders, which may lead to misdiagnoses. For instance, consider two digestive disorders of the gastrointestinal tract—inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. These two disorders are commonly confused because they present similar symptoms. As an advanced practice nurse, you must know the differences to properly diagnose and treat the disorders. How does the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease compare to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome? How do treatments for the two disorders compare?
To prepare:
· Review Chapter 34 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 13 in the McPhee and Hammer text.
· Identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Think about similarities and differences between the disorders.
· Consider common treatments for inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Reflect on whether treatments for one disorder would work for the other disorder.
· Select one of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of and treatments for each disorder.
By Day 3
Post an explanation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome, including similarities and differences. Then describe common treatments, addressing whether treatments for one disorder would work for the other disorder. Finally, explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of and treatments for each disorder.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.
By Day 6
Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different treatments and factors than you, in the following ways:
· Offer alternative common treatments for the disorders.
· Share insight on how the factor you selected impacts the treatment of alterations of digestive function.
Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.
IBS
IBD
IBS vs. IBD
Ethnicity
References
NURS 6501 Week 10 Assignment COPD and Heart Function (Walden)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
COPD and Heart Function
Emphysema and Heart Function
Treatment & Diagnosis
During the last 5 weeks, you have explored various body systems: neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and hematological. These four systems work together along with other body systems to complete a myriad of functions. For this reason, when disorders occur within one body system, it can create potentially devastating effects throughout the entire body. For instance, Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the central nervous system, yet its alterations actually affect multiple body systems from the cardiovascular system to the gastrointestinal system. In this Assignment, you examine alterations associated with disorders, as well as the impact of the alterations on multiple body systems.
To Prepare
From the list below, select a disorder of interest to you:
Alzheimer’s disease
Asthma in children
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Congestive heart failure
Hepatic disease (liver disease)
Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
Seizures
Sepsis
Identify alterations associated with your selected disorder. Consider the pathophysiology of the alterations. Think about how these alterations produce pathophysiological changes in at least two body systems.
Reflect on how patient factors such as genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of your selected disorder.
Review the “Mind maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of your selected disorder.
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To Complete
Develop a 5- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation that addresses the following:
Describe your selected disorder, as well as associated alterations. Explain the pathophysiology of the alterations, including changes that occur in at least two body systems.
Explain how genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified, as well as diagnosis and treatment of your selected disorder.
Construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology of alterations, risk factors, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.
By Day 7
Submit the Pathophysiology of Disorders Assignment. This NURS 6501 Assignments – Advanced Pathophysiology Essay was presented in Week 8 and is due.
Submission and Grading Information
To submit your completed Essay for review and grading, do the following:
Please save your Essay using the naming convention “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
Click the Week 10 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
Click the Week 10 NURS 6501 Assignments – Advanced Pathophysiology Essay link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
Click on the Submit button to complete your NURS 6501 Assignments – Advanced Pathophysiology Essay submission.
References